Why in Myanmar hundreds of thousands of people haven’t heard of Covid-19
One township its service restored in May, but eight others, with a total population of about 800,000 people, remain in an information blackout.
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International say the extended shutdown is putting lives at risk, not only because it’s preventing people from reporting possible human rights abuses — but because it has cut off them off from public health campaigns about the coronavirus pandemic.
A handful of cases have been found in the Maungdaw and Buthidaung Townships in northern Rakhine state, wheremore than 100,000 Rohingya Muslims live in crowded camps. Many have fled “clearance operations,” launched by the military against Rohingya insurgents in 2018. The UN has called for the Myanmar military to face an international tribunal on charges of genocide for atrocities carried out Rohingya Muslims. Rakhine Buddhists made homeless by more recent fighting are also living in camps in the area.
As the coronavirus pandemic spread around the world earlier this year, Suu Kyi’s government launched a “No Person Left Behind” information campaign on disease prevention, such as social distancing requirements.
But MP Htoot May, who represents the Arakan National League for Democracy in the Upper House of Myanmar’s Union Parliament, said on Sunday that many people who live in northern Rakhine state and neighboring Chin state aren’t receiving the public health notices circulated on Facebook, messaging apps and government websites.
“When I ask people in my constituency whether they are aware of Covid-19, I have to explain the global pandemic to them from the beginning,”said Htoot May. “I have to explain to them what social distancing is and how to practice proper hand hygiene.”
“I can’t travel widely because of Covid-19, obviously, so there is only so many people I can warn,” the MP continued.
“They’re not afraid of Covid-19 because they don’t know about it, at this stage they’re far more concerned about the fighting.”
CNN has approached Myanmar Office Of The State Counsellor spokesman Zaw Htay for comment.
Ongoing clashes
Fighting broke out in late 2018 between the Myanmar military, known as the Tatmadaw, and the well-equipped Arakan Army, which wants greater autonomy for Rakhine Buddhists, the majority of the population in Rakhine state.
Clashes have increased regardless of the internet blackout, while 151 civilians have been killed and 344 injured in the crossfire between January and May, according to the letter.
“This is not a conflict that can be won by either side on the battlefield,” said independent Myanmar analyst Richard Horsey in a statement to The International Crisis Group. “It’s essentially a political problem where the Rakhine people want more autonomy and more say over their future. (Myanmar) needs to develop a political response and that is currently lacking.”
The alternative is ongoing war, Horsey says, and both the Arakan Army and Myanmar military have been accused of atrocities. Khine Kyaw Moe, an MP representing the Rakhine National Party, says that with no internet connection, those atrocities are going unreported and undocumented.
“Both armies are committing human rights violations and, without the internet, people are cut off from the journalists and from the local and international NGOs that they might report these things to,” Khine Kyaw Moe said.
Sunday’s open letter, addressed to Suu Kyi and signed by the 79 Rakhine stakeholder groups, says it is looking for that political solution, which would begin with the government reconnecting the internet.
“Freedom of speech and access to information is the foundation of democracy. In this age, access to the internet is the democratic standard. Equality demands ready information on economics, education, health and society,” the letter reads.
Election Year
Like many other nations, Myanmar introduced curfews, bans on large gatherings and a period of quarantine for foreign arrivals in an attempt to control the spread of the coronavirus.
The government also introduced criminal penalties for people who didn’t comply with the rules, including prison sentences for those who broke quarantine orders. At least 500 people, including children, have been sentenced to jail terms as long as one year.
The country’s response seems to have stemmed the spread of the virus, but hasn’t been without its critics.
Suu Kyi’s approach to the pandemic could work against her as the country prepares to vote in an election later this year.
MP Htoot May said the fighting in Rakhine and the subsequent communications shutdown could also erode voter support for Suu Kyi and her party, the National League for Democracy.
“In 2015 I believed in Suu Kyi and I was happy to work with her,” said MP Htoot May. “I would have thought that Aung San Suu Kyi was going to help people in remote areas to gain internet access, not cut them off from it.”
“Human rights isn’t something that Aung San Suu Kyi can just talk about. She needs to practice it.”
On the other hand, Suu Kyi’s record on the virus could have no bearing on her election result — as due to the internet shutdown, large numbers of people in the far west of the country might not ever know it happened.
